• 请多多关爱你的脚

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文章摘要:六分之一的美国人都患有常见的足病,包括脚气和足跖疣。

翻译:大连翻译职业学院英语学院06英日双语2班唐小微 译审:杨岸昭


  六分之一的美国人都患有常见的足病,包括脚气和足跖疣。贝弗利山的皮肤病学家大卫?雷西医学博士说:“人们爱穿那些漂亮的尖角鞋,因此脚部很容易长鸡眼,这是很常见的现象。”
  
  贝弗利山的皮肤病学家大卫?雷西医学博士另外还补充说:“只要你穿了患有脚气人的鞋,你就会被传染上脚气。接下来的日子你就会游走于各个医生的办公室,为彻底治疗好脚气而忙碌奔波。”
  
  雷西的那些有钱、有名望的患者们为了追求时尚潮流,不惜花费大量金钱去买那些名贵漂亮的尖角鞋来穿,不出一段时间后,他们的脚都会长出鸡眼。这些尖角鞋虽漂亮,但对我们的脚却有害无益。
  
  美国儿科学院的矫形外科医生说:“据统计,美国有六分之一的人(约4300万)有足部问题。”一般大部分鸡眼患者都是男性,这是由于他们的不良习惯造成的,例如经常穿尺寸过小的鞋袜等等。 其它一些常见的足部问题,如脚气和所谓的跖疣,也是很难避免的。
  
  脚部疾病通常是可以治疗的。你可以在家里进行简单的足部护理,也可以去寻求医生的帮助。如果不及时治疗,你会感到很不舒服甚至十分疼痛。
  
  脚部护理常识
  
  每走一步,你的脚所承受的压力相当于你体重的1。5倍。难怪,你的脚趾会彼此紧紧挤压或与鞋相抵触,不断地反复摩擦可能会导致脚趾上的皮肤角质层增厚,同时还会不断地刺激皮下组织。鸡眼或足茧就是受这种形式的压力而产生的,它们常常长在大脚趾或小脚趾上。
  
  只要你坚持穿适码的鞋子,许多老茧是可以预防的。女人们的脚往往比男子更容易受到鞋面的挤压,而且受挤压后的脚趾形状与男人们的是大大不同的。这跟女性爱穿高跟鞋有很大关系。穿高跟鞋时妇女的重心全部移到前脚掌,从而加重了脚趾的负担。
  
  无论是穿鞋不当或其他什么原因导致的脚病(如某些畸形足或所谓的锤趾爪趾),这些老茧带来疼痛在家里进行一些日常护理有时也是可以缓解的。例如经常用热水泡脚、使用药店买的鞋垫或穿适码的鞋子等,这些护理措施都可以减轻你脚趾所承受压力。
  
  雷西建议道:“一旦发现了刚刚形成的鸡眼,你可以用磨脚石把那厚厚的一层茧子除去。切忌动作一定要轻(他反复地强调)。然后给你脚擦一些润肤霜,以避免干燥和开裂。”
  
  另外,雷西通过手术刀可以很轻易地去除女性脚趾上厚厚的老茧,从而治愈好他们脚上的鸡眼。但是问题是:女性们并没想过放弃自己的高档时装鞋。他说:“我把这些鸡眼‘削‘去了并修复好她们的脚,她们回去后又会把漂亮的尖角鞋子穿上,一个月后她们又来找我了。”
  
  肉疣组织
  
  如果你疼痛得无法行走,感觉鞋里似乎有一块石头。那么你很可能患上了足跖疣。其发病原理是这样的:某些病毒通过破坏人的脚部皮肤表层从而进入到你的体内,随着站立和走路的压力,跖疣开始向脚里面不断地生长。跖疣外观很像老茧,但有时通过皮肤表面的小黑圆点是可以区分两者的(两端毛细血管) 。
  
  引起足跖疣的病毒喜欢温暖、潮湿的环境。为减少让病毒进入你脚部皮肤层的机率,皮肤科医生雷西建议人们多穿拖鞋(只要条件允许),例如在健身房的更衣室或在外散步的时候。
  
  为了治疗跖疣,医生可以用手术刀除去疣体,并在患处敷上化学敷料。通常医生还会建议你每天在家里涂抹水杨酸补丁来进行辅助治疗。
  
  足跖疣这种病有时可以转变成一种慢性病。雷西说:“虽然我们可以通过切掉、烧毁、冻结等各种非处方治疗手段来暂时治愈它,但是,这种病症的复发率为百分之五十。寻求更为有效的治疗手段是我们需要攻克的首要难题,因为跖疣可以不断的增生,一个有可能会变成两个、三个、四个。 ”
  
  脚气的症状
  
  在更衣室里赤脚行走确实可以预防脚气。科学研究表明,脚感染上的真菌似乎并没有传染性。实际上这是由于脚常常处在湿气重、透气性差的鞋内环境中,加上易出汗,就给真菌繁殖创造了良好的条件。所以说相比其他人而言,那些喜欢赤脚行走的人实际上还不容易得脚气。
  
  脚气是足癣的俗称。脚气感染上的那种细菌几乎在所有人身上都携带着。但是不知什么原因,脚一旦感染上这种病菌就会发展成为脚气。这种情况最常见的是发生在男性身上,只有很少妇女和儿童会感染这种病。
  
  脚癣的临床表现症状为脱皮、脚趾缝开裂、皮肤发红、脚底或脚两侧起水泡、溃烂,并常常伴随发痒的症状。
  
  如何避免患脚癣:
  
  每天泡脚,并用干毛巾彻底擦干脚,包括脚趾缝。
  
  避免穿过紧的鞋,尤其是在夏天,凉鞋才是最好的选择。
  
  穿纯棉的袜子,而不是合成纤维的袜子,至少保证每天都换袜子,脚出汗多的时候,更换次数也随之增加。
 
  尽可能的赤脚,如在家里。
  
  在夏天,穿具有抗真菌功效的鞋子。
  
  诺曼文医学博士,同时他也是亚利桑大学的首席皮肤科专家和教授,说道:“通常,非处方药的真菌面霜针对脚气的治疗效果很明显,但处方药可能让人的身体产生抗药性。”
  
  趾甲病的艰难治疗
  
  当真菌感染到脚指甲内时,他们可能会导致脚趾甲脱离甲床,指甲盖会呈现为白色、绿色、黄色或黑色。
  
  真菌感染的指甲很难治疗。口服抗霉菌药物的疗效很好,但是无法根治,其复发率为50%至70%。
  
  一种常见的就是“趾甲内陷”,伸进肉内的趾甲即趾甲长进了皮肤里面,容易引起脚趾疼痛和感染。
  
  你在家就可以治疗嵌趾甲,将脚浸泡在温肥皂水里,每天这样进行几次。在某些情况下,你可以轻轻地把嵌入肉内的趾甲盖边缘掀起来,并在皮肤和趾甲之间嵌入一些棉花或蜡牙线,同时记得每天对其进行更换。
  
  在严重的情况下,医生可能会开一些类似于抗生素之类的处方药或进行外科手术将这些趾甲永久的移除掉。
  
  你也可以采取某些措施在第一时间防止嵌甲产生。记得不要把你的脚趾剪得太短,特别是大脚趾两边的趾甲。另外避免穿太小的鞋子。
  
  糖尿病患者的脚部护理
  
  由于鞋太紧可能会产生像水疱那样的小伤口,看似无关紧要,但对于糖尿病患者来说,可严重威胁到他们的健康问题。在某些情况下甚至需要截肢。即使这种脚病不会对非糖尿病患者造成什么影响,但如果我们发现小伤口,我们最好还是立刻去看医生。
  
  对于其他所有人而言,大多数的脚部疾病都很容易治愈,而且在多数情况下甚至通过一些简单的预防措施都可以在第一时间避免这些疾病发生。
  
  (外文来源:http://health。discovery。com/centers/skin-health/skin-care/feet。html)
  
  附英文原文:


  pedi-cures: protecting the skin you walk in
  
  one in six americans suffer from foot problems, including athlete‘s foot and plantar warts.“ it‘s very common to have corns on the feet because those pretty, pointy shoes just don‘t fit — beverly hills dermatologist david rish, m.d. ”
  
  walk a mile in his patients‘ shoes, and you, too, might be running to the doctor‘s office in search of fast fixes for corns on your feet, says beverly hills dermatologist david rish, m.d.
  
  rish‘s rich and famous patients put their shoes on one foot at a time like everyone else, and they pay the common price for wearing shoes that put fashion before function. says rish: "it‘s very common to have corns on the feet because those pretty, pointy shoes just don‘t fit."
  
  all told, one out of six americans — about 43 million — have foot problems, according to the american academy of orthopaedic surgeons. while corns are largely man-made — owing to bad habits like squeezing into undersized footwear — some other common foot problems, such as athlete‘s foot and so-called plantar warts, can be harder to avoid.
  
  uncomfortable and sometimes extremefully painful as they are, foot problems can usually be treated, if not prevented, either by taking simple foot-care steps at home or with a doctor‘s care.
  
  foot care facts
  
  with each step, the pressure on your foot is equivalent to 1.5 times your body weight. it‘s no wonder, then, that when the toes are positioned particularly tightly against each other or against a shoe, the constant friction can cause the skin on top of the toes and underneath them to thicken and irritate the tissues underneath. the corns or calluses that form from the pressure develop on the big toe or the "pinky" toe.
  
  many calluses can be easily prevented by making sure shoes fit properly. women, more often than men, crush their toes into shoes whose shape is far different from that of their feet, says rish. and high-heeled shoes can push women‘s toes into the front of their shoes, compounding the pressure.
  
  whether brought on by improperly fitting shoes or another cause (such as certain foot deformities called hammer toe or claw toe), the pain from these calluses can sometimes be reduced at home, by soaking your feet regularly and wearing drug store-bought pads, carefully positioned on the toe to relieve the pressure.
  
  and as soon as you see a corn developing, rish suggests, gently rub the callus with a pumice stone to remove the thick skin — "the key word is gently," he emphasizes — and then moisturize your feet to avoid drying and cracking.
  
  alternatively, rish can easily rid a woman of her corn by shaving the dead layers of thickened skin off with a scalpel. so what‘s the problem? seems that women don‘t want to give up their high-fashion footwear, he says: "i shave [the corn] off and fix it up, and they put those pointy, pretty shoes back on and they‘re back in a month."
  
  wart‘s the matter
  
  if it‘s painful to walk — as if there‘s a stone in your shoe — you might be suffering from plantar warts. these erupt on the sole of the foot after a virus enters the body through a break in the skin. with the pressure of standing and walking, the warts begin to grow inward into the foot. plantar warts look much like calluses, but are sometimes distinguishable by the tiny black dots on their surface (the ends of capillary blood vessels).
  
  the viruses that cause plantar warts thrive in warm, moist environments. to lessen the opportunity for the virus to penetrate its way into your foot, dermatologist rish recommends wearing slippers whenever possible, such as when you‘re walking in the gym locker room or around the house.
  
  to treat a plantar wart, a doctor can trim the wart and apply a chemical dressing. often, the doctor will instruct you to continue care at home by applying salicylic acid patches daily.
  
  plantar warts can sometimes become a chronic problem. "they can be cut off, burned off, frozen off, treated with over-the-counter acid solutions," rish says, but still, 50 percent of the time they come back. pursuing effective treatment is important because otherwise warts can multiply and "one wart becomes two, three and four."
  
  athlete‘s foot facts
  
  while myth has it that walking barefoot in the locker room is a sure-fire way to catch so-called athlete‘s foot, scientific studies show that fungal infections of the feet don‘t seem to be contagious at all. in fact, because it is moisture, sweating, and lack of ventilation that cause the fungi to proliferate, people who tend to go barefoot are actually less likely than others to develop athlete‘s foot.
  
  technically known as tinea pedis, athlete‘s foot infections are caused by living germs that grow on all people, but for unknown reasons only develop into athlete‘s foot in some. the condition most often affects men, and only rarely women and young children.
  
  symptoms of athlete‘s foot can include peeling, cracking and scaling between the toes; redness, scaling and blisters on the soles and sides of the feet; and often accompanying itchiness.
  
  to avoid getting athlete‘s foot:
  
  wash your feet daily, and dry them thoroughly, including between your toes.
  
  avoid tight shoes, especially in the summer, when sandals are the best choice.
  
  wear socks made of cotton rather than synthetic material, and change your socks at least daily and more often if they become damp.
  
  go barefoot when possible, such as at home.
  
  in the summertime, dust an anti-fungal powder in your shoes.
  
  athlete‘s foot can usually be treated "very effectively" with over-the-counter anti-fungal creams, though preScription pills may be needed for resistant cases, according to norman levine, m.d., professor and chief of dermatology at the university of arizona.
  
  treatment tough as nails
  
  when fungal infections affect the nails of the foot, they can cause the toenail to separate from the nail bed, allowing white, green, yellow or black debris to build up under the nail.
  
  fungal infections in the nail can be difficult to treat. oral anti-fungal medications are only "fairly effective," according to levine, working between 50 and 75 percent of the time.
  
  with another common nail disorder, an ingrown toenail, the nail grows into the toe‘s skin, causing the toe to become infected and sore.
  
  to treat an ingrown toenail at home, you can soak your foot in warm, soapy water several times a day. in some cases, you may have to gently lift the edge of the nail from its embedded position and put some cotton or waxed dental floss between the nail and skin, changing the packing daily.
  
  in more severe cases, a doctor may prescribe antibiotics or perform a surgical procedure to permanently remove part of the toenail.
  
  you can prevent ingrown toenails in the first place by not cutting your toenails too short, especially on the sides of the big toes. and of course, avoid wearing shoes that are too small.
  
  extra foot caution for diabetics
  
  small wounds, as minor as a blister from a too-tight shoe, can cause diabetics to develop serious health problems, in some cases even requiring amputation. even if a foot problem wouldn‘t be cause for alarm in nondiabetics, those with the disease should see a doctor right away if they notice even a slight injury to their foot.
  
  for everyone else, most foot problems can be easily treated, and in many cases even avoided in the first place with common-sense steps that don‘t require someone to, in levine‘s words, "tiptoe through life."
  
  (外文来源:http://health.discovery.com/centers/skin-health/skin-care/feet.html)

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